Learning and Motivation

Learning and motivation:

LEARNING theories:

1.      1. Classical learning (Pavlov)

2.       2.Operant Conditioning (Skinner) à reinforcement + punishment

3.       3.Social Learning Theory (Albert) à model/observation :

a.       Attention

b.      Retention

c.       Motor reproduction

d.      Motivation

4.      4. Cognitive Learning Theory à

Experience à Restoration à recall à experience

*it is a cycle, from experience to restoratin to recall and back again to experience.

Definition of learning theories : Attempts to describe how people learn thereby are helping us to understand the inherently complex learning process.

MOTIVATION:

1.       Human basic needs are

a.       Physical

b.      Intelligent

c.       Emotional

d.      Religious

2.       Motivation to learn divided into:

a.       Extrinsic factor

b.      Intrinsic factor

*refer the Photostat’s note

3.       Theories of motivation:

a.       Instinct theory:

                                                               i.      E.g.: birds

                                                             ii.      Instincts à innate tendencies

b.      Drive-reduction theory:

                                                               i.      Do something to reduce something

c.       Incentive theory:

                                                               i.      Do something to get something

                                                             ii.      E.g. : money, praise

d.      Cognitive theory

4.       Satisfying needs (Abraham Maslow)

(LOWEST NEEDS)-----------------------------------------------------------à(HIGHEST NEEDS)

*Physiological needsàsafety needsàlove & belongingness needsàesteem needsàself-actualization needs.

**self-actualization: knows that others are more important than his self