Learning and motivation:
LEARNING theories:
1. 1. Classical learning (Pavlov)
2. 2.Operant Conditioning (Skinner) à reinforcement + punishment
3. 3.Social Learning Theory (Albert) à model/observation :
a. Attention
b. Retention
c. Motor reproduction
d. Motivation
4. 4. Cognitive Learning Theory à
Experience à Restoration à recall à experience
*it is a cycle, from experience to restoratin to recall and back again to experience.
Definition of learning theories : Attempts to describe how people learn thereby are helping us to understand the inherently complex learning process.
MOTIVATION:
1. Human basic needs are
a. Physical
b. Intelligent
c. Emotional
d. Religious
2. Motivation to learn divided into:
a. Extrinsic factor
b. Intrinsic factor
*refer the Photostat’s note
3. Theories of motivation:
a. Instinct theory:
i. E.g.: birds
ii. Instincts à innate tendencies
b. Drive-reduction theory:
i. Do something to reduce something
c. Incentive theory:
i. Do something to get something
ii. E.g. : money, praise
d. Cognitive theory
4. Satisfying needs (Abraham Maslow)
(LOWEST NEEDS)-----------------------------------------------------------à(HIGHEST NEEDS)
*Physiological needsàsafety needsàlove & belongingness needsàesteem needsàself-actualization needs.
**self-actualization: knows that others are more important than his self